#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; typedef long long unsigned int ll; int main() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(0); ll x, y; int t; cin >> t; ll sol[t]; for (int i=0; i<t; i++) { cin >> y >> x; if (x >= y) { sol[i] = (((x%2 == 1) ? (x*x + (1-y)) : ((x-1)*(x-1) + y))); } else { sol[i] = (((y%2 == 0) ? (y*y - (x-1)) : ((y-1)*(y-1) + x))); } } for (int i=0; i<t; i++) { cout << sol[i] << '\n'; } return 0; }