char buf[1 << 20],*p1,*p2;
#define gc() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf,1,1 << 20,stdin),p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++)
// Don't use with the file IO!
//#define getchar gc
template <typename T>
void read(T &x) {
x = 0;
char ch = getchar();
T f = 1;
while (ch < 48 || ch > 57) {
if (ch == 45) {
f = -1;
}
ch = getchar();
}
while (ch >= 48 && ch <= 57) {
x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (ch ^ 48);
ch = getchar();
}
x *= f;
}
template<typename T,typename ...Ts>
void read(T &x,Ts &...args) {
read(x);
read(args...);
}
template<typename T>
void write(T x) {
if (x < 0) {
putchar(45);
x = -x;
}
static int sta[40];
int top = 0;
do {
sta[top++] = x % 10;
x /= 10;
}
while (x);
while (top) {
putchar(sta[--top] | 48);
}
}
template<typename T,typename ...Ts>
void write(T arg,Ts ...args) {
write(arg);
if (sizeof...(args)) {
putchar(32);
write(args...);
}
}
