Linux 基本認識與常用指令整理 ============================ https://dylan237.github.io/linux-basic.html https://blog.gtwang.org/linux/sudo-su-command-tutorial-examples/ 0) https://help.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/desktopguide/C/apt-get.html https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/set-file-permissions-linux/ ls ls -l l 1) ubuntu version Open up your terminal using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Alt + T. lsb_release -a 2) who – a command that displays the list of all currently logged in users on the system. w – a command that displays a more detailed output of the currently logged in users. whoami – a command that displays the current user’s username. 3) How do I find user details in Ubuntu? nano /etc/passwd cat /etc/passwd cat /etc/passwd | grep "^root" #"^yk" 4) The "pwd" command prints the full name (the full path) of current/working directory. pwd 5) Directories and File Systems In Linux and Unix everything is a file. Directories are files, files are files, and devices are files. Devices are usually referred to as nodes; however, they are still files. Linux and Unix file systems are organized in a hierarchical, tree-like structure. The highest level of the file system is the / or root directory. All other files and directories exist under the root directory. For example, /home/jebediah/cheeses.odt shows the correct full path to the cheeses.odt file that exists in the jebediah directory, which is under the home directory, which in turn is under the root (/) directory. Underneath the root (/) directory is a set of important directories common to most Linux distributions. The following is a listing of common directories that are directly under the root (/) directory: /bin - important binary applications /boot - boot configuration files, kernels, and other files needed at boot time /dev - the device files /etc - configuration files, startup scripts, etc. /home - home directories for different users /initrd - used when creating a customized initrd boot process /lib - system libraries /lost+found - provides a lost+found system for files that exist under the root (/) directory /media - automatically mounted (loaded) partitions on your hard drive and removable media such as CDs, digital cameras, etc. /mnt - manually mounted filesystems on your hard drive /opt - provides a location for optional (3rd party) applications to be installed /proc - special dynamic directory that maintains information about the state of the system, including currently running processes /root - root user's home directory, pronounced "slash-root" /sbin - important system binaries /srv - can contain files that are served to other systems /sys - system files /tmp - temporary files /usr - applications and files that are mostly available for all users to access /var - variable files such as logs and databases